Copied after French units noted for their physical prowess, the Zouaves added color to the War and often performed as elite units. Most Zouave units were raised by the North, but the Confederates had a few, most notably the 1rst Lousiana Zouave Battalion, part of the Louisiana Tigers, a general name applied to all Louisiana infantry in Virginia, in the Army of Northern Virginia, noted for the havoc they wrought on and off the battlefield.
Pius IX recruited Papal Zouaves (mostly Dutchmen under French officers) to defend the Papal States in the 1860s.
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